A Bankart lesion is a specific injury to a part of the shoulder joint called the labrum. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, similar to the hip; however, the socket of the shoulder joint is extremely shallow, and thus inherently unstable.
To compensate for the shallow socket, the shoulder joint has a cuff of cartilage called a labrum that forms a cup for the end of the arm bone (humerus) to move within. This cuff of cartilage makes the shoulder joint
much more stable, yet allows for a very wide range of movements (in fact, the range of movements your shoulder can make far exceeds any other joint in the body).
What kinds of operations are done for shoulder dislocations?
The surgical operations that can be done in order to prevent shoulder dislocations are designed to repair and strengthen the ligaments that normally keep the shoulder in the joint. These operations have been developed over the years as doctors have recognized that many dislocated shoulders have a particular type of injury called a "Bankart’s lesion." The Bankart’s lesion specifically refers to an injury where part of the ligaments and capsule of the shoulder joint are pulled away from the bone. Surgical techniques are aimed at fixing this problem and also at tightening up the ligaments of the shoulder that have been stretched or torn by the dislocation.
Repairing the torn capsule and ligament back to the bone is called a Bankart repair, and tightening the capsule of the shoulder is called a "capsular shift." Both of these procedures can be done with both open and arthroscopic techniques. Open techniques are tried and true. They are very reliable in preventing future dislocations. Arthroscopic techniques have recently been developed in order to decrease the size of the surgical scar and the amount of pain after the operation, and also to speed up the rehabilitation after the operation. Your doctor will be able to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of shoulder surgery that are designed to prevent the shoulder from coming out of joint.
When the labrum of the shoulder joint is torn, the stability of the shoulder joint is compromised.
How successful is the surgery?
The surgery is quite successful. Re-dislocation rates of about 3% have been observed
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